{"id":2597,"date":"2021-06-28T10:07:24","date_gmt":"2021-06-28T07:07:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cipla.co.ke\/?page_id=2597"},"modified":"2025-08-05T15:09:45","modified_gmt":"2025-08-05T12:09:45","slug":"pain","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ke.cipla.africa\/en\/our-therapies\/pain\/","title":{"rendered":"Pain"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=”full_width_background” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”20px” equal_height=”yes” content_placement=”middle” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” id=”intro” enable_gradient=”true” color_overlay_2=”rgba(0,85,184,0.1)” overlay_strength=”0.8″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_color=”rgba(0,85,184,0.1)” shape_divider_position=”bottom” shape_divider_height=”40%” bg_image_animation=”none” 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bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”top” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/2″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_row_inner content_placement=”middle” column_margin=”none” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” bottom_padding=”3%” text_align=”left” row_position=”default” row_position_tablet=”inherit” row_position_phone=”inherit” overflow=”visible” pointer_events=”all”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_custom_heading text=”Pain” font_container=”tag:h5|text_align:left|color:%230055b8″ use_theme_fonts=”yes”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner content_placement=”middle” column_margin=”none” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” text_align=”left” row_position=”default” row_position_tablet=”inherit” row_position_phone=”inherit” overflow=”visible” pointer_events=”all”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][split_line_heading animation_type=”line-reveal-by-space” font_style=”h2″ line_reveal_by_space_text_effect=”default” content_alignment=”default” mobile_content_alignment=”inherit” link_target=”_self” text_content=”A world without pain” max_width=”520″][\/split_line_heading][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner content_placement=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” text_align=”left” row_position=”default” row_position_tablet=”inherit” row_position_phone=”inherit” overflow=”visible” pointer_events=”all”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” enable_animation=”true” animation=”fade-in-from-bottom” animation_easing=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” delay=”100″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none” css=”.vc_custom_1607330849307{margin-top: 15px !important;}” max_width=”550″]That\u2019s our goal. At Cipla, we are committed to ensuring access and availability to quality pain medication, helping alleviate pain to millions worldwide.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” top_padding=”3%” constrain_group_1=”yes” bottom_padding=”3%” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text css=”” text_direction=”default”][\/vc_column_text][image_with_animation image_size=”full” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”Fade In” animation_easing=”default” animation_movement_type=”transform_y” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default”][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” text_align=”left” row_position=”default” row_position_tablet=”inherit” row_position_phone=”inherit” overflow=”visible” pointer_events=”all”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”2\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” column_padding_type=”default” gradient_type=”default” offset=”vc_hidden-lg vc_hidden-md vc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs”][vc_column_text]wpDataTable with provided ID not found![\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text]\n

Cipladon is an effervescent tablet<\/h2>\n[\/vc_column_text][nectar_btn size=”jumbo” open_new_tab=”true” button_style=”regular” button_color_2=”Accent-Color” icon_family=”none” text=”Click here to find out how it works” url=”https:\/\/cipladon.com\/”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1623739329452{margin-top: 50px !important;margin-bottom: 20px !important;}”]\n

Mechanism of Pain<\/span><\/h5>\n

Medically speaking, pain is an uncomfortable sensation that usually signals an injury or illness. But how do our bodies recognize pain ?<\/h2>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” text_align=”left” row_position=”default” row_position_tablet=”inherit” row_position_phone=”inherit” overflow=”visible” pointer_events=”all”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/4″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”2821″ image_size=”full” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”ro-reveal-from-bottom” animation_easing=”default” animation_movement_type=”transform_y” hover_animation=”zoom-crop” alignment=”” border_radius=”none” image_loading=”default” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/4″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”2820″ image_size=”full” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”ro-reveal-from-top” animation_easing=”default” animation_movement_type=”transform_y” hover_animation=”zoom-crop” alignment=”” border_radius=”none” image_loading=”default” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/4″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”2822″ image_size=”full” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”ro-reveal-from-left” animation_easing=”default” animation_movement_type=”transform_y” hover_animation=”zoom-crop” alignment=”” border_radius=”none” image_loading=”default” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/4″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”2828″ image_size=”full” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”ro-reveal-from-right” animation_easing=”default” animation_movement_type=”transform_y” hover_animation=”zoom-crop” alignment=”” border_radius=”none” image_loading=”default” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1623741780108{margin-top: 50px !important;margin-bottom: 20px !important;}”]\n

Types of Pain
\n<\/span><\/h5>\n

How would you describe your pain ?<\/h2>\n[\/vc_column_text][carousel script=”flickity” flickity_formatting=”default” desktop_cols_flickity=”3″ desktop_small_cols_flickity=”3″ tablet_cols_flickity=”2″ phone_cols_flickity=”1″ flickity_controls=”touch_total” flickity_touch_total_style=”default” flickity_touch_total_hide_indicator=”true” flickity_touch_total_icon_color=”default” color=”default” flickity_overflow=”visible” flickity_wrap_around=”no-wrap” flickity_spacing=”20px” flickity_column_vertical_alignment=”default” column_padding=”0″ flickity_element_spacing=”default” flickity_image_scale_on_drag=”true” border_radius=”none” touch_total_hide_indicator=”true”][item simple_slider_bg_image_position=”default” simple_slider_overlay_strength=”0.3″ simple_slider_bg_image_loading=”default” id=”1625565920753-3″ title=”Item” tab_id=”1625565920755-7″][fancy_box box_style=”color_box_hover” icon_family=”none” image_url=”2750″ color=”accent-color” color_custom=”#000000″ color_box_hover_overlay_opacity=”0.5″ box_alignment=”left” enable_border=”true” border_radius=”default” image_loading=”lazy-load” color_scheme=”dark” secondary_content=”here’s some awesome text that would only be shown on hover” min_height=”200″ min_height_tablet=”275″ min_height_phone=”255″]\n

Acute Pain<\/h3>\n

This is short-lived pain warning the body that damage is occurring. It is a symptom of injury or disease at the tissue level and tends to resolve as the injury or disease does[\/fancy_box][\/item][item simple_slider_bg_image_position=”default” simple_slider_overlay_strength=”0.3″ simple_slider_bg_image_loading=”default” id=”1625565921065-9″ title=”Item” tab_id=”1625565921065-8″][fancy_box box_style=”color_box_hover” icon_family=”none” image_url=”2842″ color=”accent-color” color_custom=”#000000″ color_box_hover_overlay_opacity=”0.5″ box_alignment=”left” enable_border=”true” border_radius=”default” image_loading=”lazy-load” enable_animation=”true” animation=”none” color_scheme=”dark” secondary_content=”here’s some awesome text that would only be shown on hover” min_height=”200″ min_height_tablet=”275″ min_height_phone=”255″]\n

Chronic Pain<\/h3>\n

Chronic pain (pain that has persisted for 6 months or more) can be caused by ongoing tissue damage. However, in some cases no physical cause for the pain can be found. In many cases chronic pain is a disorder rather than being the symptom of a disease process.[\/fancy_box][\/item][item simple_slider_bg_image_position=”default” simple_slider_overlay_strength=”0.3″ simple_slider_bg_image_loading=”default” id=”1625565921095-6″ title=”Item” tab_id=”1625565921096-3″][fancy_box box_style=”color_box_hover” icon_family=”none” image_url=”2753″ color=”accent-color” color_custom=”#000000″ color_box_hover_overlay_opacity=”0.5″ box_alignment=”left” enable_border=”true” border_radius=”default” image_loading=”lazy-load” enable_animation=”true” animation=”none” color_scheme=”dark” secondary_content=”” min_height=”200″ min_height_tablet=”275″ min_height_phone=”255″]\n

Nociceptive pain<\/h3>\n

Nociceptive pain is caused by any injury to body tissues, for example, a cut, burn or fracture (broken bone). Postoperative pain and cancer pain are other forms of nociceptive pain. This type of pain can be aching, sharp or throbbing.[\/fancy_box][\/item][item simple_slider_bg_image_position=”default” simple_slider_overlay_strength=”0.3″ simple_slider_bg_image_loading=”default” id=”1625565921130-1″ title=”Item” tab_id=”1625565921131-2″][fancy_box box_style=”color_box_hover” icon_family=”none” image_url=”2844″ color=”accent-color” color_custom=”#000000″ color_box_hover_overlay_opacity=”0.5″ box_alignment=”left” enable_border=”true” border_radius=”default” image_loading=”lazy-load” enable_animation=”true” animation=”none” color_scheme=”dark” secondary_content=”” min_height=”200″ min_height_tablet=”275″ min_height_phone=”255″]\n

Neuropathic Pain<\/h3>\n

This is caused by abnormalities in the system that carries and interprets pain \u2014 the problem may be in the nerves, spinal cord or brain.Neuropathic pain\u00a0is felt as a burning, tingling, shooting or electric sensation.[\/fancy_box][\/item][item simple_slider_bg_image_position=”default” simple_slider_overlay_strength=”0.3″ simple_slider_bg_image_loading=”default” id=”1625565921157-9″ title=”Item” tab_id=”1625565921158-9″][fancy_box box_style=”color_box_hover” icon_family=”none” image_url=”2754″ color=”accent-color” color_custom=”#000000″ color_box_hover_overlay_opacity=”0.5″ box_alignment=”left” enable_border=”true” border_radius=”default” image_loading=”lazy-load” enable_animation=”true” animation=”none” color_scheme=”dark” secondary_content=”” min_height=”200″ min_height_tablet=”275″ min_height_phone=”255″]\n

Psychogenic pain<\/h3>\n

This type of pain is caused or worsened by psychological factors.Often the pain has a physical cause, but the degree of pain and disability are out of proportion to what would be experienced by most people with a similar disorder.[\/fancy_box][\/item][\/carousel][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” text_align=”left” row_position=”default” row_position_tablet=”inherit” row_position_phone=”inherit” overflow=”visible” pointer_events=”all”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/2″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1623763636074{margin-top: 50px !important;margin-bottom: 20px !important;}”]\n

Sometimes its more than just a bad headache<\/span><\/h5>\n

About Migraines<\/h2>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]1 in 7 people globally suffer from migraines.Migraine is ranked globally as the seventh most disabling disease among all diseases. It remains un-diagnosed and under treated in at least 50% of patients, and less than 50% of migraine patients consult a physician[\/vc_column_text][nectar_btn size=”jumbo” open_new_tab=”true” button_style=”regular” button_color_2=”Accent-Color” icon_family=”none” text=”More about Migraines” url=”\/pain\/migraine”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/2″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][nectar_cascading_images image_1_url=”490″ image_1_offset_x_sign=”-” image_1_offset_x=”35%” image_1_offset_y_sign=”+” image_1_offset_y=”5%” image_1_rotate_sign=”+” image_1_rotate=”none” image_1_scale=”0.75″ image_1_padding=”none” image_1_box_shadow=”none” image_1_max_width_desktop=”100%” image_1_max_width_mobile=”100%” image_1_image_width_mobile=”default” image_2_url=”2839″ image_2_offset_x_sign=”+” image_2_offset_x=”15%” image_2_offset_y_sign=”-” image_2_offset_y=”10%” image_2_rotate_sign=”+” image_2_rotate=”none” image_2_scale=”1″ image_2_padding=”none” image_2_box_shadow=”x_large_depth” image_2_max_width_desktop=”100%” image_2_max_width_mobile=”100%” image_2_image_width_mobile=”default” image_3_offset_x_sign=”-” image_3_offset_x=”0%” image_3_offset_y_sign=”-” image_3_offset_y=”0%” image_3_rotate_sign=”+” image_3_rotate=”none” image_3_scale=”1″ image_3_padding=”auto” image_3_box_shadow=”none” image_3_max_width_desktop=”100%” image_3_max_width_mobile=”100%” image_3_image_width_mobile=”default” image_4_offset_x_sign=”+” image_4_offset_x=”0%” image_4_offset_y_sign=”+” image_4_offset_y=”0%” image_4_rotate_sign=”+” image_4_rotate=”none” image_4_scale=”1″ image_4_padding=”auto” image_4_box_shadow=”none” image_4_max_width_desktop=”100%” image_4_max_width_mobile=”100%” image_4_image_width_mobile=”default” element_sizing=”default” image_loading=”lazy-load” border_radius=”5px” parallax_scrolling=”yes” layer_1_parallax_scrolling=”no” parallax_scrolling_intensity=”subtle” overflow=”visible”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][toggles style=”default” border_radius=”none”][toggle color=”Accent-Color” heading_tag=”default” heading_tag_functionality=”default” title=”References”]
https:\/\/www.mydr.com.au\/pain\/pain-and-how-you-sense-it\/<\/a><\/p>\n
    \n
  1. Merck Manual Home Health Handbook. Overview of pain (updated Aug 2007). http:\/\/www.merckmanuals.com\/home\/brain_spinal_cord_and_nerve_disorders\/pain\/overview_of_pain.html<\/a> (accessed Mar 2012).<\/li>\n
  2. Merck Manual Home Health Handbook. Types of pain (updated Aug 2007). http:\/\/www.merckmanuals.com\/home\/brain_spinal_cord_and_nerve_disorders\/pain\/types_of_pain.html<\/a> (accessed Mar 2012).<\/li>\n
  3. Physiology and pathophysiology of pain (revised September 2007). In: eTG complete. Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited; 2011 Nov. https:\/\/tgldcdp.tg.org.au\/viewTopic\/?guidelinePage=Pain%20and%20Analgesia&etgAccess=true#<\/a>\u00a0 (accessed Mar 2012).<\/li>\n
  4. Types of pain (revised February 2010). In: eTG complete. Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited; 2011 Nov. https:\/\/tgldcdp.tg.org.au\/viewTopic?etgAccess=true&guidelinePage=Pain%20and%20Analgesia&topicfile=understanding-pain&guidelinename=Pain%20and%20Analgesia&sectionId=toc_d1e155#toc_d1e155<\/a>\u00a0 (accessed Mar 2012).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n <\/div>[vc_column_text][\/vc_column_text][\/toggle][\/toggles][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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